Why Behaviors Happen: The 4 Functions of Behavior in ABA

If you're a parent of a child with autism or an adult just learning about your own autism, you might wonder why certain behaviors happen. In Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA), we look at behavior like solving a puzzle—every behavior happens for a reason. When we understand why, we can help teach better ways to meet those needs.

The 4 Reasons Behind Behavior

Every behavior has a purpose, and in ABA, we focus on four main reasons.

Here are what we call the 4 Functions of Behavior in ABA:

1. To Get Away (Escape)

Sometimes, a person does something because they want to avoid or stop something. This might look like a child crying when it's time for homework or an adult leaving a noisy room. They aren't being "bad"—they’re just trying to get away from something that feels overwhelming.

What helps? We teach ways to ask for a break or take turns so they don’t have to act out to escape.

2. To Get Attention

Some behaviors happen because a person wants attention from others. This could be a child yelling so a parent looks at them or an adult making jokes to get a laugh. Everyone wants to feel noticed (sometimes even in negative ways) and cared for!

What helps? Teaching better ways to ask for attention—like using words, gestures, or even a simple "excuse me." Giving attention for good behavior helps, too!

3. To Get Something (Tangible)

This happens when someone wants a toy, food, or anything they really like. A child might scream for a cookie or an adult might get frustrated when they can’t access their favorite item.

What helps? Teaching how to ask in a functional way and/or learning to tolerate waiting. Also, making sure we don’t accidentally reward the behavior by giving the item after a meltdown.

4. Because It Feels Good (Sensory/Automatic)

Some behaviors happen just because they feel good or help calm the body. Think about humming a favorite tune, rocking in a chair, or flapping hands when excited. These actions can help with self-regulation.

What helps? Finding safe, acceptable ways to meet sensory needs. For example, using a fidget toy or swinging on a swing instead of running in circles indoors.

Why It Matters to Understand The 4 Functions of Behavior in ABA

Understanding why behaviors happen helps us support kids and adults in learning better ways to communicate and cope. Instead of seeing behavior as "bad," we see it as a way of expressing needs.

At Nova Supports, we work with families to help children and adults with autism learn new skills and reduce challenging behaviors in a supportive way.

If you're looking for guidance, we’re here to help! Contact Nova Supports to learn how we can support your family.