Token Economy Example: How to Best Use This Classic ABA Tool

The token economy is one of the most widely used and flexible behavior reinforcement systems in Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA). Whether you’re an RBT working with a young client in-home or a BCBA designing a classroom-wide intervention, the structure of a token system can make or break its effectiveness.

In this post, we’ll walk through a clear token economy example, when to use it, and how to troubleshoot common challenges—so you can build more motivating, successful sessions.

What Is a Token Economy in ABA?

A token economy is a reinforcement system where individuals earn tokens (like stars, stickers, or points) for displaying specific target behaviors. Once they collect enough tokens, they exchange them for a meaningful backup reinforcer, like a snack, toy, break, or activity.

It’s essentially a form of delayed reinforcement, designed to help learners build tolerance to waiting and understand that good behavior leads to positive outcomes.

Token Economy Example: 1:1 RBT Session

Let’s say you're working with a 7-year-old client diagnosed with autism who struggles with task completion and attending to instructions during discrete trial training (DTT).

Here’s how a token economy might look:

• Target Behaviors: Staying seated, following instructions, completing trials

• Token Type: Velcro stars on a laminated chart

• Token Schedule: 1 star for every 2 completed trials

• Exchange Rate: 5 stars = 2 minutes with the iPad or a small gummy snack

• Backup Reinforcers: iPad time, preferred music, gummies, sticker choice

Over time, the BCBA may thin the reinforcement schedule (e.g., 1 token for 3 or 4 trials) or rotate reinforcers to maintain motivation.

When to Use a Token Economy

A token economy is most useful when:

• The learner needs frequent reinforcement but the reinforcer isn't practical to deliver every time

• You're working on building delayed gratification

• The learner can understand basic symbolic value (i.e., "5 tokens = a reward")

It can be used with clients of all ages and in many settings—including homes, clinics, group programs, or public outings.

Tips for RBTs and BCBAs

• Be consistent: Make sure tokens are delivered immediately after the target behavior

• Use visuals: Charts, boards, or digital counters help learners see progress

• Keep it motivating: Regularly assess if the backup reinforcers are still preferred

• Start easy: In early phases, make it easy to “win” so the client sees success

• Avoid overuse: Don’t rely on token systems when natural reinforcement is more appropriate

Troubleshooting a Token Economy

If a client loses interest or the system stops working, consider:

• Has the backup reinforcer lost its value?

• Is the learner confused about the connection between the behavior and the token?

• Is the schedule too difficult or too easy?

• Are tokens being delivered too late?

Final Thoughts

A well-run token economy can increase engagement, reduce problem behavior, and make sessions more fun for everyone involved. Whether you're a new RBT or an experienced BCBA, having a solid token economy example in your toolkit can make a big difference in how effectively you teach and support your clients.

Want more real-world examples and support?Join the Nova Supports team as a BCBA or RBT!